Database Technology Essay Example for Free

Database Technology Essay Objectives of the course: †¢ This course aims to provide continuum to where the first course of databases left off. Design aspects of relational databases are covered. †¢ Complex data models like OO OR parallel and distributed are introduced. †¢ The course provides students a good overview of the ideas and the techniques, which are behind recent developments in the fields of data warehousing and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). 1. Overview Review of relational database systems, ER diagram, SQL. 2. Integrity and Security Domain constraints; referential integrity, assertions; triggers; triggers and Assertions in SQL. Security and Authorization; Authorization in SQL. 3. Relational Database Design First Normal form; pitfalls in relational database design, functional dependencies; decomposition. Desirable properties of decomposition. Boyce – Code normal form; 3rd and 4th normal form. Mention of other normal forms. 4. The ER Model Revisited Motivation for complex data types, User Defined Abstract Data Types And Structured Types, Subclasses, Super classes, Inheritance, Specialization and Generalization, Relationship Types of Degree Higher Than Two. 5. Object-Oriented Object relational databases Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors, Encapsulation of Operations, Methods, and Persistence, Type Hierarchies and Inheritance, Type extents and Queries, Database Design For An ORDBMS Nested Relations and Collections; Storage And Access methods, Overview of SQL3. 6. Parallel and Distributed Databases Parallel Query Evaluation; Parallelizing Individual Operations, Sorting, Joins; Distributed Database Concepts, Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation techniques for Distributed Database Design; Query Processing in Distributed Databases; Concurrency Contr ol and Recovery in Distributed Databases. 7. Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications. (Overview and Design issues) Temporal Databases; Spatial Databases Geographic Information Systems, Mobile Databases. 8. Data Warehousing and OLAP. a) Data Warehouse Basics: Data Warehouse (DW) Introduction Overview; Data Marts, DW components; Data warehouse architecture; ETL Data Transformation – Extracting, Conditioning, cleansing, Scrubbing, Merging, etc., b) OLAP: Multi-dimensional modeling Fact table, dimensions, measures, examples; Schema Design – Star and Snowflake; OLAP OLAP Vs OLTP, ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP; tools. OLAP Operations – Rollup, Drill-down, Dice slice, pivot. Text Books: 1. Elmasri and Navathe, â€Å"Fundamentals of Database Systems†, Pearson Education 2. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gerhke, â€Å"Database Management Systems† McGraw Hill 3. Kimball, Ralph; Reeves, Laura et al Data warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit: expert methods for designing, developing, and deploying data warehouses Wiley publications. References: 1. Korth, Silberchatz, Sudarshan, â€Å"Database System Concepts† McGraw Hill 2. C.J.Date, Longman, â€Å"Introduction to Database Systems†, Pearson Education 3. Paulraj Ponnian, â€Å"Data Warehousing Fundamentals†, John Wiley. Term Work Term work shall consist of at least 10 assignments/programming assignments and one written test. Marks 1. Attendance (Theory and Practical) 05 Marks 2. Laboratory work (Experiments and Journal) 10 Marks 3. Test (at least one) 10 Marks The final certification and acceptance of TW ensures the satisfactory performance of laboratory Work and Minimum Passing in the term work. Suggested Experiment List 1. At least one or two review SQL assignments covering triggers, assertions and authorizations. 2. Object Oriented Queries 3. Case study assignments for OO and OR database. 4. Two mini projects in distributed and parallel databases. 5. Hands on any one good warehousing tool (Oracle/SQL server Analysis tool etc.) 6. A full fledged mini project in which a student will design and implement a data warehouse. The data warehouse must be populated and OLAP queries and operations to be demonstrated for the warehouse.

Discovering Books :: essays research papers

Richard Selzer / Discuss how reading books changes my life Richard Wright, in his essay â€Å"Discovering Books,† explains how reading books changed his outlook on life and eventually his life itself. The first book that widened his horizons was an overtly controversial book by H. L. Mencken. I have a story not so dissimilar from his. Coming out of High School, I had in my possession the perspective that I knew everything. So I started, straight off the bat, working in a variety of menial jobs, which would have lead me to a dead end, for as the good jobs in today’s society required college degrees. So, after working for two years with a white-collar full of frustration, I decided it was time to take matters into my own ink-stained, carpal tunnel syndrome-stricken hands. I immediately gave my two-weeks notice, and pontificated about going to college. Headed along the yellow brick road towards the registration office, I was intercepted by my malevolent manager, the â€Å"Ineffable John† as he was called by my fellow co-workers, and he said unto me, â€Å"Michael, you don’t want to go to college, stay here and you shall have bestowed upon your unworthy head all which you need to know. Here, fill up my coffee cup.† With his words still echoing in my mind, I wanted to sprint down the hallway, pole-vault over the cubicle prisons, hurdle the water ration cooler, and dive through the double-paned sliding glass doors. This spectacular display of athletic ability would have been terrific, but the ball and chain still shackled to my ankles would have slightly hindered my escape. One week after my pre-resignation notice and John’s wise words of discouragement, my manager’s secretary, Mary, who just had a baby earlier that day but wouldn’t take unpaid sick leave, approached me and said, â€Å"Don’t listen to John, college is a sure ticket to get out of this galley, otherwise you’ll end up having a baby and coming to work on the same day because this company doesn’t provide maternity leave.† A week later I was walking out the double-paned sliding glass doors and into college life. In the counselor’s office, my counselor advised me towards taking a psychology class, seeing as it is a requirement for an AA degree, and because I did not know what sort of degree I wanted at the point. So, I agreed to take the class. Bob Rice was the eccentric instructor of this introduction to the wonderful religion of psychology.

An Idea That Failed

Kamala who worked in â€Å"ICC bank† used to reach her workplace In her car. One day,she was unable to start her car and as she has to report In office 9 o'clock sharp but she did not have time to get the car repaired-So she decided to take a bus. When the bus arrived,it was overcrowded but if she waited for another one,she would have not made it in time. So she boarded it and somehow managed to reach office in time. On reaching the bank,she remembered carrying her cell phone with her. When she checked her Jeans pocket†¦ She was shocked on not finding it there.Her pocket was empty. Maybe It was stolen. â€Å"l should not have boarded a crowded bus. Maybe somebody has picked my pocket there†,she said to herself-Manager Gathers too had just reached the bank-seeing Comma's face she understood that there was some problem. â€Å"What is the matter,Kamala? Why are you looking upset? L's everything all asked. â€Å"Marry,my cell phone has been stolen†,spoke Kamala nervously. â€Å"You did not have any cell phone! â€Å"surprised Gathers said. â€Å"Yesterday was my birthday and It was a birthday gift to me from my husband. He had bought It yesterday†,salad Kamala.Olathe is saddled us go to the Police Station and get a report lodged†,Gathers said. Disappointed Kamala will it matter? I won't get the cell phone back† â€Å"We must get a complaint lodged for every crime. The thief will soon be caught you see and you will get your cell phone back†,the manager assured. 000 so both went to the Police station. Landscape venue who was on duty writing the report inquired,†What was your phone number? â€Å". Then Venue dialed the number from his phone. â€Å"l am sure. You will not get through. The thief either must have taken out the Simi card or must have switched off the phone†,a disillusioned Kamala said.The cleverest of the thief's also commits a mistake somewhere. Maybe your cell phone thief leaves a clue too†,Landscape said. On not getting the number for the first time,the inspector tried again. â€Å"it is said softly and switched on his speaker phone. A voice responded,†Hello,who is speaking? † â€Å"There is a good news for you. Our company rewards a cell phone buyer every month with two tickets to Ago†¦ The winner's name is taken out through lottery. You are the lucky one who has purchased a cell phone yesterday and won the prize. Elf you do not want to avail of the trip,we will offer you a cash of prize RSI. ,OOH,† Venue said. Gathers and Kamala understood that Venue played a trick to trap the thief in the net. And he was successful too. The thief responded,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ will avail of the cash prize. When and where will I get the prize. † â€Å"You can come to our office if you want. Or we could send our officer to hand you over the prize. You will Just have to come and show your cell phone to us†, said the inspector. â€Å"l will come to your the thief â€Å"Anytime. Our address is 8-404,Maharani Bag and my name is Venue An excited thief said,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ will be there in two hours†.Keeping the phone down the inspector said,† The thief seems very greedy. He did not even think where we got his number from. ‘ was apprehending that if he enquired that I would not know what to say. † A surprised Kamala asked,†whose address was the one you gave? † â€Å"The same company's from where you bought your cell phone. Krishna is my friend and he is General Manager of that company†,informed Venue. â€Å"You managed to ensure the thief very Gathers. â€Å"You may leave now. Len an hours time you will get your cell phone and the thief too will be caught,† Venue assured. L forgot to tell you that my cell phone has a small Barbie sticker on its inside by my aught†,informed Kamala â€Å"This will make it easier to identify your cell Venue. One hour later inspector re ached his friend Krishna office and told him about everything. Curtain. SAA has no idea. Speaking arrogantly to Krishna,Parade said â€Å"Did you rang me up? I have come to collect my prize of RSI. 50,OOH† â€Å"Where is your cell phone? â€Å"asked Krishna. Parade showed the cell phone. Krishna opened the cell phone and saw Barbie sticker inside it. He said,†Come out,inspector. The person you were waiting for is here† When Parade saw Venue he was shocked.He could not even dream that he would be aught like this one day. â€Å"How many cell phones have you stolen till now? â€Å"Landscape asked sternly. â€Å"Five hundred†,parade,petrified could not lie. Venue arrested Parade immediately and put him behind bars. Kamala was too happy getting back her cell phone. She praised Venue for his efficiency. â€Å"More than my efficiency it was the foolishness of parade that helped. Elf he had not talked on the cell phone,my plan would not have worked. Parade is very clever but committed a mistake this time†,Venue said. Parade was punished with one year imprisonment. Many of his friends too were put behind bars.They were very happy to see him but when they learnt about his foolishness,they all had a hearty laugh. His best friend Panda said,†Parade,you are so clever. Everyone calls you clever,Parade. How could you commit such a mistake? You should not have talked with that cell phone. You should have at least enquired. After all,the buyer was to get a prize, not you. You had stolen it. You must have thought that you would get RSI. 50,OOH easily. You have not only made a fool of yourself but also let us down too† Parade could not speak a word and sat with a hung face. His accomplices too refused to accept him as his leader. THE END

Arab Culture in Health Care - 1462 Words

Successful Patient-Doctor Relationships with the Arab Culture Many people have seen the increase of immigrants coming to the United States. â€Å"Census 2000 measured a U.S. population of 281.4 million, including 1.2 million who reported and Arab ancestry† (de la Cruz and Brittingham, 2000). Arab Americans are those people who speak or are descendents of Arabic-speaking populations. As doctors and caregivers continue to provide care to those that speak English, communication between them is easy. But when this simple task is changed when there is a patient from a different culture, it produces challenges that both parties have to overcome. Doctors and caregivers have to increase their cultural awareness and sensitivity so that there is a good†¦show more content†¦136). The germ theory can be defined as â€Å"microorganisms, which are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope, can invade the body and cause certain diseases† (Kusinitz). Salimbene (2000 pg. 136) found that: The humoral theory of disease is the basis for the Arabs. Many aspects of life are divided into four: the year is divided into four seasons; matter into fire, air, earth, water; the body into black bile, blood, phlegm, and yellow bile; and the environment into â€Å"hot,† â€Å"cold,† â€Å"moist,† and â€Å"dry.† These illnesses are treated with the opposite humor. Illnesses are attributed to the extreme shifts from hot to cold and vice versa. It is also thought that the digestive system is given an opportunity to adjust to a â€Å"hot† and â€Å"cold† food before fully digesting it (Salimbene et al., 2000 pg. 137). The cultural health beliefs are specific for the Arabs with the main concern of the family. The family’s role is to indulge the sick person and take responsibilities off his or her shoulders (Salimbene et al., 2000 pg. 135). According to Meleis (2005 pg. 52), the family is central in both society and culture. When a woman is pregnant, the woman must be satisfied because â€Å"it is believed that the unborn child may develop a birthmark in the shape of the unsatisfied craving† (Salimbene et al., 2000). In the Arab culture, pain is harmful and should be controlled because the family does not want to see the patientShow MoreRelatedSpirituality of Arab Heritage: Review of Related Literature1806 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Spirituality of Arab Heritage Review of Related Literature Understanding of spirituality of Arab heritage in the context of healthcare provision and nursing can be best understood from a trans-cultural perspective, wherein healthcare providers are not only knowledgeable about specific cultures that they would most likely interact with on a regular basis, but they must be also culturally competent to interact and provide care to people who could belong to these diverse cultural groups. Indeed,Read MoreNursing Care for the Arab Culture Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity. A patient’s culture has a significant influence on how their health care should be provided. It is vital for nurses as health care providers to be culturally competent and knowledgeable of the patient’s culture to deliver appropriate, holistic care (Potter Perry, 2011). This paper will discuss the Arab culture and focus mainly on what to do and not to do as a nurse rendering care to an Arab patient. Keywords: culture, holistic, Arab Nursing Care for the Arab Culture In any case, providingRead MoreEssay about Heritage Assessment1623 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious cultures in the world. Cultural diversity has brought cross cultural interactions beyond geographical boundaries. Every culture has values and beliefs which reflects cultural and social influences, relationships, and personal needs in an individual. Health cultural values â€Å"shape human behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care† (EdelmanRead MoreArab Health Care Practices Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Arab Health Care Practices There is a high priority that is placed on education among the Arabs. In comparison with the average American, the U.S born and foreign-born Arabs are more educated. According to United States Census Bureau, majority of the occupational position the Arab are managerial and professional career. Not many Arabs works in farming, forestry, fishing, production, crafts and or operators and fabricators (Purnell, 2013). Most of the reasons for the Arab isolating lifestyleRead MoreHealth Promotion1598 Words   |  7 PagesThree Families and Their Cultures Grand Canyon University: NUR-429V October 11, 2015 Grand Canyon University: lt;Coursegt; America has always been known as the â€Å"melting pot†. Representing the meshing or â€Å"melting† together of cultures in a vast area creating a diverse society. Each culture or ethnic group has traditions and ways of belief that affect their decisions on how they treat illness, disease and health. Cultural values shape human behaviors and determine what individualsRead MoreCultural and Professional Heritage1103 Words   |  5 Pagesher respective tribal culture†. The attempt is to study the degree to which a person’s lifestyle reflects his or her traditional culture, such as European, Asian, African, or Hispanic. Culture is a way through which we express ourselves. It is the sum of beliefs, practices, habits, likes, dislikes, norms, customs, rituals, and so forth that we learned from our families during the years of socialization (Spector, 2009, p. 9-11). Indian culture is very unique and diverse. Health traditions in India haveRead MoreEssay on Heritage Assessment Tool1734 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Jane Parkman December 21, 2012 The Heritage Assessment Tool   The uprising of diversified communications has caused the combination of differing cultures. This suggests that dissimilar cultures are no not restricted to geographical boundaries. The noteworthy social drive worldwide has elevated apprehension over tailored health care. It is vital that the cultural backgrounds of a group have influential influences on dealing with health care concerns. TheRead MoreOverview of the Arab Culture Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesName of Culture Arab is not a race, but is a group of individuals that are united by their culture and history (ADC, 2014). There are many different variations commonly based on a particular individual’s country of origin such as Arab Americans. Other variations are based on their social class, the level of their education, if they live urbanely or rurally, or the time they have spent in the United States (Lipson Dubble, 2007). Most Arabs also practice Islamic religion and are Muslim. WhenRead MoreA Brief Note On The United Arab Emirates956 Words   |  4 PagesHealthcare in the United Arab Emirates Katie Williams Alaska Career College Abstract The United Arab Emirates is a Middle Eastern country full of history and culture that is modernizing and revamping its healthcare system to better serve the needs of the people. Depending on where one plans to visit, it is important to observe the cultural and social norms of the population. Healthcare in the United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is a Middle Eastern country that is located along the PersianRead MoreEssay on Culturally Competent Nursing for the Egyptian Patient1093 Words   |  5 Pageseffective patient care. A nurse must know his or her own values and beliefs as well as knowing about a patient cultural practices in relation to healthcare. Cultural competence is defined by some as: â€Å"the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions.† Also it is noted that an important change to this definition is â€Å"the recognition of the dynamic, creative and ever-changing nature of culture; it is dependent

Eco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper - 761 Words

Supply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the University of Phoenix simulation (2003), students are taken through the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments in a city called Atlantis. The simulation itself is used as a tool to learn about the demand and supply curves as well as equilibrium. Other key learning points are the factors that affect supply and demand, the effect that a price ceiling has on the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied. Throughout the simulation, students determine the rental rates or how many apartments are rented out for a given month. A microeconomic principle that stood out at the beginning of the simulation was the use of the word â€Å"monopoly†. The simulated†¦show more content†¦The second macroeconomic principle from the simulation was the supply curve demonstration. The student is tasked to identify correctly, the rental rate that the company would charge if it were to lease out all of the apartments. For any supplier, production cost s normally increase for each additional unit of the product. In the case of the simulation, it was maintenance costs that were added for each unit rented out. This added cost meant that the rental rate had to increase as well. When the rental rate increased, the number of apartments that management was willing to lease out increased. This was a basic demonstration of how the supply curve works. At one point within the simulation, there is a shift in the demand curve. This is because there was an increase in the population in the city. At any given rental rate, more people rented apartments. This resulted in an increase in demand but the supply remained the same. As a result, the demand curve shifted to the right. The new equilibrium price is now higher than before and the number of apartments demanded and supplied increases. The change in expectations of management caused the supply of two-bedroom apartments to decrease. The expectation was that more individuals would prefer to live in a condo vice the two-bedroom apartment. It also eventually occurred and as a result, this factor caused the supply curve to shift to theShow MoreRelatedSupply and Demand Simulation983 Words   |  4 Pages   ECO365 Supply and Demand Simulation Student Name ECO/365 – Principles of Microeconomics Instructor Name Date Introduction Supply and Demand is a phrase that every one hears in one way or another, Supply and demand phrase according to Colander, (2010) is the most used phrase by economist and the reason is because the phrase provides a good â€Å"off-the-cuff† answer for many question that have to do with economy. Example why are interest rates to Low? Because supply and demand. Why is GasolineRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation Paper1130 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation Paper Principles of Microeconomics 365 Matthew J. Angner June 1, 2010 University of Phoenix Online Introduction The supply and demand simulation was based on the management of rental apartments by GoodLife Management. The apartments are in a fictitious town called Atlantis. Topics that will be reviewed in this paper include changes in supply and demand, how shifts in supply and demand affects decision-making, key points from the reading assignments that

Administrative Unworkability in Trusts Example

Essays on Administrative Unworkability in Trusts Essay ï » ¿Critically Examine the Concept of Administrative Unworkability in Trusts Sometimes the characteristics of the trust might be impracticable such that the trustee is unable to do according to the settler’s wishes. When the trust becomes administratively unworkable, then it becomes invalid. The importance of the trust workability is explained by Lord Eldon as follows: the effecting of the trust shall be under the management of the court and it its nature must allow it to be under that control; the court under this circumstance shall be able to review the trust administratively or execute it, the trust can be reformed in case of maladministration and an outstanding administration directed. A trust may fail on the basis of administrative unworkability. This occurs when the words in the trust are clear in their meaning but the definition of the beneficiaries is very wide such that it becomes practically impossible to determine the real beneficiaries (In Brief n.d., p1). The meaning of administrative unworkability can be found in the case of McPhail v Doulton presided over by Lord Wilberforce. Lord Wilberforce invalidates a discretional trust and asserts that it is an extension of evidential ambiguity criterion. Hardcastle reviews the arguments that supported and rejected the workability criterion. He raises query whether the size of objects alone is enough to make a trust invalid. He further suggests that the Lord Wilberforce ruling is based on the possible large number of beneficiaries and lack of proof in the definitional criteria. Hardcastle further asserts that administrative unworkability is also applicable to fixed trusts (Ramjohn 2008, p111). He further questions whether the same notion is applied to the powers of appointment. Lord Wilberforce failed to give enough reasons as to why the discretional trust should be annulled on that account. McKay in the (1974) 38 Conv 269 suggested that Lord Wilberforce was not justified to view the basis on either judicial execution or administrative viability. Despite the reservations in this case, the concept of administrative unworkability was adopted in the R v District Auditor ex p West Yorkshire Metropolitan CC (1986); Lloyd J declared that the trust in favour of all, some or any of the West Yorkshire inhabitants was invalid on that basis, that is, it was administratively unworkable (Iwobi 2001, p23). According to Lord Wilberforce, a court must be able to control the trust. The judicial execution must take into consideration the limits within which the trust has been defined. These are the parameters in which the court gets a guide to reserve its own rulings for that of the trustees. The primary objective of the court is to execute the trust in the most practical way; the one intended to fulfil the settler’s intentions. The court is left with several options and the difficulty lies within the determination of the barriers to the judicial execution (Ramjohn 2008, p111). The trust should be drafted in a way that its objects are certain and can enable the administration of the trust by the court. The court should be able to judge whether or not the administration of the trust was carried out in the right way. The extent of the trust may make it difficult for it to be executed, that is, it may become administratively unworkable and in such a situation the trust is declared invalid (Hudson 2009, p146). The nature of the trustees from case to case (that is, the identity and capacity) may influence the administrative workability of the trust power. If the trust requirements make it difficult for the trustee to do their legal duties, then the trust becomes invalidated (Hudson 2009, p147). There are cases where the court is ultimately required to execute the trust and not the power. An example is the County of West Yorkshire which numbered around 2.5 million people; the trust in the case R v District Auditors ex p West Yorkshire CC was declared by the court to be administratively impracticable (unworkable). The trustees were unable to make legal obligations because of the terms of the trust (Wilson 2007, p113). The trustees were required to distribute the property to all the inhabitants of West Yorkshire but it was held unworkable for the trustees and thus invalidation of the trust (Hudson 2008, p39). Controversy in the Application of Administrative Unworkability in Trusts The concept of administrative unworkability has been faced with controversy, especially in its application to the execution of trusts. The McPhail v Doulton case was taken to the High Court to determine whether the test for certainty was enough in respect to the trust powers. The High Court ruling favoured the validity of the trust. The same decision was confirmed by the Court of Appeal in the Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1973] Ch 9. The issue addressed was whether the terms dependants and relatives were certain in relation to linguistics. The Court of Appeal ruled that the certainty test was capable of giving a narrower definition of the expressions dependants and relatives. The test applied depends on the type of trust; discretional or a fixed trust. For a fixed trust, Ascertainability test is applied. Fro the discretional test, Individual Ascertainability test is applicable (In Brief n.d., p1). Each Lord Justice of the Court of Appeal had a different approach to the certainty test. Five approaches were at least adopted; the question of fact approach, the substantial number approach, the strict approach, and the dictionary approach (Ramjohn 2004, p129). The Re Hay’s Settlement Trusts give two propositions; (a) that the criterion of administrative unworkability is applicable to discretional trusts but not to sheer powers, (b) and that there may be a criterion of unreliability that will invalidate the special judicial powers but not the intermediate judicial powers. This means that if the administrative unworkability basis is on justiciability rather than administrative inconvenience, then it becomes very difficult to differentiate it from unreliability. From these propositions, it becomes difficult to know the problems in the execution or administration (Bean, Dewar and Moffat 2005 p230). References Bean, G., Dewar, J. Moffat, G. (2005) Trust laws: Text and materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hudson, A. (2008) Understanding equity trusts. Oxon, OX: Taylor Francis. Hudson, A. (2009) Equity and trusts. Oxon, OX: Taylor Francis. In Brief. (n.d.) Certainty of objects: A requirement to create an express trust [online], In Brief. Available from: [Accessed 22 January 2011]. Iwobi, A. (2001) Essentials trusts law. London, UK: Routledge. Ramjohn, M. (2004) Cases materials on trusts. London, UK: Routledge. Ramjohn, M. (2008) Text, cases and materials on equity and trusts. Oxon, OX: Taylor Francis. Wilson, S. (2007) Todd Wilson’s textbook on trusts. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Interagency Collaboration and Training †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Interagency Collaboration and Training. Answer: Introduction: Decision making is the cognitive process of deciding from the series of an alternative. Before making a decision, I will consider whether to use a rational approach or bounded approach. The approach I will use will depend on the importance of the decision to the company, the amount of information available, the amount of time available for the decision to be made and also the person with the final authority to be made (Hughes and wearing, 2016). Before making this decision, I will consider whether it will affect the clients or the workers. When the decision is to affect the workers, I will involve they in the decision-making process by giving them a questioner to fill so that I can determine what they like. Clients can be involved in the decision-making process by involving them in low-level participation in consultative forums as well as maximum participation like making them key shareholders so that they can be associated with the management of the firm. Before I make the decision to my organization, I will consider some factors which may lead to its delay. The factors that I will consider are: whether the management information process is effective, the opinions from the clients and the workers and what technology to be used. The decision should also advocate for the safety of the children and on the working and buying environment. Before I make a decision, I will also risk involved in the decision. Some of the elements I will consider are the degree of control people believe they have, how the people are familiar with the risk, how the risk ill affect decision negatively and weather the risks perceived consequences are shared (Aven, 2015). The risk will not stop me from making a decision, but I will first consider the outcome. The risk when not handled well, it may result in a false positive error or a false negative error. The false positive error will make my company spend a lot of money while false negative error will lead to my company deteriorating due to underestimation (McDonald, et al., 2011). A negative risk is so risky for my organization because it will lead to malpractice suits by the social workers, the media will report negatively about our firm, and this will affect our clients leading to low clients turn over (Haimes, 2015). Personally, have made some good and bad decision. For example, employees were being given one day off from work. When I joined the organization, I changed the policy by canceling the day of and all the employees were to attend work all day (Xiao, et al., 2013). To me, I thought that the amount of work turnover would increase due to more hours by the social workers. The employee of the company did not take the policy slightly, they were opposing, and they went on strike leading to damage of properties and shutting down the business for three months (Kadushin Harkness, 2014). A good decision that had brought to the company is the policy of employee appraisal. The employee worked harder to reach the target set and to earn a bonus. This made the productivity of the company to increase (Kaslow, 2014). The relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee is the foundation of work which will occur in supervision (Derry, et al, 2014). It is vital for the supervisor and the supervisee to create a good working condition for the work to flow. A good working relation between the two leads to high productivity and constructive feedback about the employee, in a nonjudgmental and supportive environment, boosts workers morale. Essential elements of the supervisee-supervisor relation include; encouraging self-disclosure, examining diversity issue, identifying transference and countering those transfer, encouraging self-disclosure, trust, and establishing appropriate boundaries (Morrison, 2007). An effective supervisor is one who: Treats the employee with respect, is honest, open and says what he knows and the one he does not know. Works at developing collaboration and trust rather than mistrust Is good in communication skills, listen to the complaints of the supervisees and involve them in decision making. Has a limit and understands the purpose of supervisor relationship Be willing to consult when there is unfamiliar topic Is available all time when the work is in progress. In the circumstance that an organization starts working with other organization, the workers will get stress when there is new technology to learn and when the work output increases. The management will be stressed when there is new technology to be bought, and the client will be stressed when there is a new format to follow for the goods to be delivered or when the number of clients has increased leading to delay in services. For the organization to communicate effectively to its workers about the changes, specific area in communication like managing conflict, working in teams, using technology to communicate and writing skill should be fine-tuned. In the office, conflict can be solved in several ways, and this includes Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration, and Reconciliation (Fisher, 2016). The three sources of emotion that can lead to conflict are the mezzo, macro, and micro. In the organization I worked, the workers were bitter about the one day off policy I canceled. They ganged up and conducted unarrest. This type of emotion is a group emotional response hence its a macro source. This type of emotion can be managed by the firms if the workers are allowed to form a trade union and they have a representative to channel their grievances. The workers should also respond to this type of dissatisfaction by channeling complains to the administration rather than engaging in unrests (Afzalur, 2002). Conflict is when the parties do not agree on the same point. In my organization, there has been a conflict between the purchasing department and the finance department on which unit to use the new building and new machines (Fisher, 2016). The purchasing department claims that they are many and their office is congested while the finance department claims that their operations are so technical that they need new machines to work on. The conflict has led to the two departments not in good terms resulting to slow process of a cheque to the supply chain department, and the goods brought to the finance department also delay. The conflict between two departments affects the company and the company have tried to use the conflict solving process with a promise to make the condition equal to the two departments. Conflict is so expensive for a company and may cause them a lot of money (Fisher, 2016). With the growth in technology, it is essential for every firm to use technology to attract and to serve my customer. Ethically, it is easy to identify roles and to put them in place while doing this online is hard. My company uses social sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp to update the clients about the products and when there is offer. Employees are restricted from using social media while at the job because it wastes a lot of time and there are CCTV to check on the same, and when found, huge penalties are levied. When at home, social workers are updated on job and products through WhatsApp group. This keep workers alert and a peaceful co-existence is created. The company also experiences some challenges in using social Medias since not all employees are on WhatsApp group and other time it is hard for the employee to stay without using their phones. Working in groups is an important thing for organizations. Through group dynamic, I learn that each group experience different stages of development. There is no surety that a group will graduate to the next stage and the time taken by a group in one stage varies (Ciarrochi and Mayer, 2013). It is important for organization for its members to be in groups since knowledge, vision, skills, interest, aim as well as needs are of benefit to the group. The clients also benefit from group work since combine effort of the workers leads to high production (Goleman, et al, 2013). Reference Afzalur Rahim, M. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International journal of conflict management, 13(3), 206-235. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. 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